94. After the review session has been completed, Karen and the staff signed the document. Which of the following is the purpose of this?
A.Agree about the content of the evaluation.
B.Signify disagreement of the content of the evaluation.
C.Document that Karen and the staff reviewed the evaluation.
D.Serve as basis for future evaluation.
Answer: (C) Document that Karen and the staff reviewed the evaluation.
Signing the document is done to serve as a proof that performance review was conducted during that date and time.
A.Agree about the content of the evaluation.
B.Signify disagreement of the content of the evaluation.
C.Document that Karen and the staff reviewed the evaluation.
D.Serve as basis for future evaluation.
Answer: (C) Document that Karen and the staff reviewed the evaluation.
Signing the document is done to serve as a proof that performance review was conducted during that date and time.
95. A nurse who would like to practice nursing in the Philippines
A.Paying the professional tax after taking the board exams
B.Passing the board exams and taking the oath of professionals
C.Paying the examination fee before taking the board exams
D.Undergoing the interview conducted by the Board of Nursing and taking the board exams
Answer: (B) Passing the board exams and taking the oath of professionals
For a nurse to obtain a license to practice nursing in the Philippines, s/he must pass the board examinations and then take the oath of professionals before the Board of Nursing.
A.Paying the professional tax after taking the board exams
B.Passing the board exams and taking the oath of professionals
C.Paying the examination fee before taking the board exams
D.Undergoing the interview conducted by the Board of Nursing and taking the board exams
Answer: (B) Passing the board exams and taking the oath of professionals
For a nurse to obtain a license to practice nursing in the Philippines, s/he must pass the board examinations and then take the oath of professionals before the Board of Nursing.
96. Reciprocity of license to practice requires that the country of origin of the interested foreign nurse complies with the following conditions:
A.The country of origin has similar preparation for a nurse and has laws allowing Filipino nurses to practice in their country.
B.ThePhilippines
C.The country of origin requires Filipinos to take their own board examination
D.The country of origin exempts Filipinos from passing their licensure examination
Answer: (A) The country of origin has similar preparation for a nurse and has laws allowing Filipino nurses to practice in their country.
According to the Philippine Nurses Act of 2002, foreign nurses wanting to practice in the Philippines must show proof that his/her country of origin meets the two essential conditions: a) the requirements for registration between the two countries are substantially the same; and b) the country of origin of the foreign nurse has laws allowing the Filipino nurse to practice in his/her country just like its own citizens.
A.The country of origin has similar preparation for a nurse and has laws allowing Filipino nurses to practice in their country.
B.The
C.The country of origin requires Filipinos to take their own board examination
D.The country of origin exempts Filipinos from passing their licensure examination
Answer: (A) The country of origin has similar preparation for a nurse and has laws allowing Filipino nurses to practice in their country.
According to the Philippine Nurses Act of 2002, foreign nurses wanting to practice in the Philippines must show proof that his/her country of origin meets the two essential conditions: a) the requirements for registration between the two countries are substantially the same; and b) the country of origin of the foreign nurse has laws allowing the Filipino nurse to practice in his/her country just like its own citizens.
97. Nurses practicing the profession in the
A.Both income tax and professional tax
B.Income tax only since they are exempt from paying professional tax
C.Professional tax which is paid by all nurses employed in both government and private hospitals
D.Income tax which paid every March 15 and professional tax which is paid every January 31.
Answer: (B) Income tax only since they are exempt from paying professional tax
According to the Magna Carta for Public Health Workers, government nurses are exempted from paying professional tax. Hence, as an employee in the government, s/he will pay only the income tax.
98. According to RA 9173 Philippine Nursing Act of 2002, a graduate nurse who wants to take must licensure examination must comply with the following qualifications:
A.At least 21 years old, graduate of BSN from a recognized school, and of good moral character
B.At least 18 years old, graduate of BSN from a recognized school and of good moral character
C.At least 18 years old, provided that when s/he passes the board exams, s/he must be at least 21 years old; BSN graduate of a recognized school, and of good moral character
D.Filipino citizen or a citizen of a country where we have reciprocity; graduate of BSN from a recognized school and of good moral character
Answer: (D) Filipino citizen or a citizen of a country where we have reciprocity; graduate of BSN from a recognized school and of good moral character
RA 9173 section 13 states that the qualifications to take the board exams are: Filipino citizen or citizen of a country where the Philippines has reciprocity; of good moral character and graduate of BSN from a recognized school of nursing. There is no explicit provision about the age requirement in RA 9173 unlike in RA7164 (old law).
99. Which of the following is TRUE about membership to the Philippine Nurses Association (PNA)?
A.Membership to PNA is mandatory and is stipulated in the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002
B.Membership to PNA is compulsory for newly registered nurses wanting to enter the practice of nursing in the country
C.Membership to PNA is voluntary and is encouraged by the PRC Code of Ethics for Nurses
D.Membership to PNA is required by government hospitals prior to employment
Answer: (C) Membership to PNA is voluntary and is encouraged by the PRC Code of Ethics for Nurses
Membership to any organization, including the PNA, is only voluntary and this right to join any organization is guaranteed in the 1987 constitution of thePhilippines
A.Membership to PNA is mandatory and is stipulated in the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002
B.Membership to PNA is compulsory for newly registered nurses wanting to enter the practice of nursing in the country
C.Membership to PNA is voluntary and is encouraged by the PRC Code of Ethics for Nurses
D.Membership to PNA is required by government hospitals prior to employment
Answer: (C) Membership to PNA is voluntary and is encouraged by the PRC Code of Ethics for Nurses
Membership to any organization, including the PNA, is only voluntary and this right to join any organization is guaranteed in the 1987 constitution of the
100. When the license of the nurse is revoked, it means that the nurse:
A.Is no longer allowed to practice the profession for the rest of her life
B.Will never have her/his license re-issued since it has been revoked
C.May apply for re-issuance of his/her license based on certain conditions stipulated in RA 9173
D.Will remain unable to practice professional nursing
Answer: (C) May apply for re-issuance of his/her license based on certain conditions stipulated in RA 9173
RA 9173 sec. 24 states that for equity and justice, a revoked license maybe re-issued provided that the following conditions are met: a) the cause for revocation of license has already been corrected or removed; and, b) at least four years has elapsed since the license has been revoked.
A.Is no longer allowed to practice the profession for the rest of her life
B.Will never have her/his license re-issued since it has been revoked
C.May apply for re-issuance of his/her license based on certain conditions stipulated in RA 9173
D.Will remain unable to practice professional nursing
Answer: (C) May apply for re-issuance of his/her license based on certain conditions stipulated in RA 9173
RA 9173 sec. 24 states that for equity and justice, a revoked license maybe re-issued provided that the following conditions are met: a) the cause for revocation of license has already been corrected or removed; and, b) at least four years has elapsed since the license has been revoked.
101. According to the current nursing law, the minimum educational qualification for a faculty member of a college of nursing is:
A.Only a Master of Arts in Nursing is acceptable
B.Masters degree in Nursing or in the related fields
C.At least a doctorate in nursing
D.At least 18 units in the Master of Arts in Nursing Program
Answer: (B) Masters degree in Nursing or in the related fields
According to RA 9173 sec. 27, the educational qualification of a faculty member teaching in a college of nursing must be masters degree which maybe in nursing or related fields like education, allied health professions, psychology.
A.Only a Master of Arts in Nursing is acceptable
B.Masters degree in Nursing or in the related fields
C.At least a doctorate in nursing
D.At least 18 units in the Master of Arts in Nursing Program
Answer: (B) Masters degree in Nursing or in the related fields
According to RA 9173 sec. 27, the educational qualification of a faculty member teaching in a college of nursing must be masters degree which maybe in nursing or related fields like education, allied health professions, psychology.
102. The educational qualification of a nurse to become a supervisor in a hospital is:
A.BSN with at least 9 units of post graduate studies in nursing administration
B.Master of Arts in Nursing major in administration
C.At least 2 years experience as a head nurse
D.At least 18 units of post graduate studies in nursing administration
Answer: (A) BSN with at least 9 units of post graduate studies in nursing administration
According to RA 9173 sec. 29, the educational qualification to be a supervisor in a hospital is at least 9 units of postgraduate studies in nursing administration. A masters degree in nursing is required for the chief nurse of a secondary or tertiary hospital.
A.BSN with at least 9 units of post graduate studies in nursing administration
B.Master of Arts in Nursing major in administration
C.At least 2 years experience as a head nurse
D.At least 18 units of post graduate studies in nursing administration
Answer: (A) BSN with at least 9 units of post graduate studies in nursing administration
According to RA 9173 sec. 29, the educational qualification to be a supervisor in a hospital is at least 9 units of postgraduate studies in nursing administration. A masters degree in nursing is required for the chief nurse of a secondary or tertiary hospital.
103. The Board of Nursing has quasi-judicial power. An example of this power is:
A.The Board can issue rules and regulations that will govern the practice of nursing
B.The Board can investigate violations of the nursing law and code of ethics
C.The Board can visit a school applying for a permit in collaboration with CHED
D.The Board prepares the board examinations
Answer: (B) The Board can investigate violations of the nursing law and code of ethics
Quasi-judicial power means that the Board of Nursing has the authority to investigate violations of the nursing law and can issue summons, subpoena or subpoena duces tecum as needed.
A.The Board can issue rules and regulations that will govern the practice of nursing
B.The Board can investigate violations of the nursing law and code of ethics
C.The Board can visit a school applying for a permit in collaboration with CHED
D.The Board prepares the board examinations
Answer: (B) The Board can investigate violations of the nursing law and code of ethics
Quasi-judicial power means that the Board of Nursing has the authority to investigate violations of the nursing law and can issue summons, subpoena or subpoena duces tecum as needed.
104. When a nurse causes an injury to the patient and the injury caused becomes the proof of the negligent act, the presence of the injury is said to exemplify the principle of:
A.Force majeure
B.Respondeat superior
C.Res ipsa loquitur
D.Holdover doctrine
Answer: (C) Res ipsa loquitur
Res ipsa loquitur literally means the thing speaks for itself. This means in operational terms that the injury caused is the proof that there was a negligent act.
A.Force majeure
B.Respondeat superior
C.Res ipsa loquitur
D.Holdover doctrine
Answer: (C) Res ipsa loquitur
Res ipsa loquitur literally means the thing speaks for itself. This means in operational terms that the injury caused is the proof that there was a negligent act.
105. Ensuring that there is an informed consent on the part of the patient before a surgery is done, illustrates the bioethical principle of:
A.Beneficence
B.Autonomy
C.Truth telling/veracity
D.Non-maleficence
Answer: (B) Autonomy
Informed consent means that the patient fully understands what will be the surgery to be done, the risks involved and the alternative solutions so that when s/he give consent it is done with full knowledge and is given freely. The action of allowing the patient to decide whether a surgery is to be done or not exemplifies the bioethical principle of autonomy.
A.Beneficence
B.Autonomy
C.Truth telling/veracity
D.Non-maleficence
Answer: (B) Autonomy
Informed consent means that the patient fully understands what will be the surgery to be done, the risks involved and the alternative solutions so that when s/he give consent it is done with full knowledge and is given freely. The action of allowing the patient to decide whether a surgery is to be done or not exemplifies the bioethical principle of autonomy.
106. When a nurse is providing care to her/his patient, s/he must remember that she is duty bound not to do doing any action that will cause the patient harm. This is the meaning of the bioethical principle:
A.Non-maleficence
B.Beneficence
C.Justice
D.Solidarity
Answer: (A) Non-maleficence
Non-maleficence means do not cause harm or do any action that will cause any harm to the patient/client. To do good is referred as beneficence.
A.Non-maleficence
B.Beneficence
C.Justice
D.Solidarity
Answer: (A) Non-maleficence
Non-maleficence means do not cause harm or do any action that will cause any harm to the patient/client. To do good is referred as beneficence.
107. When the patient is asked to testify in court, s/he must abide by the ethical principle of:
A.Privileged communication
B.Informed consent
C.Solidarity
D.Autonomy
Answer: (A) Privileged communication
All confidential information that comes to the knowledge of the nurse in the care of her/his patients is considered privileged communications. Hence, s/he is not allowed to just reveal the confidential information arbitrarily. S/he may only be allowed to break the seal of secrecy in certain conditions. One such condition is when the court orders the nurse to testify in a criminal or medico-legal case.
A.Privileged communication
B.Informed consent
C.Solidarity
D.Autonomy
Answer: (A) Privileged communication
All confidential information that comes to the knowledge of the nurse in the care of her/his patients is considered privileged communications. Hence, s/he is not allowed to just reveal the confidential information arbitrarily. S/he may only be allowed to break the seal of secrecy in certain conditions. One such condition is when the court orders the nurse to testify in a criminal or medico-legal case.
108. When the doctor orders “do not resuscitate”, this means that
A.The nurse need not give due care to the patient since s/he is terminally ill
B.The patient need not be given food and water after all s/he is dying
C.The nurses and the attending physician should not do any heroic or extraordinary measures for the patient
D.The patient need not be given ordinary care so that her/his dying process is hastened
Answer: (C) The nurses and the attending physician should not do any heroic or extraordinary measures for the patient
Do not resuscitate” is a medical order which is written on the chart after the doctor has consulted the family and this means that the members of the health team are not required to give extraordinary measures but cannot withhold the basic needs like food, water, and air. It also means that the nurse is still duty bound to give the basic nursing care to the terminally ill patient and ensure that the spiritual needs of the patient is taken cared of.
A.The nurse need not give due care to the patient since s/he is terminally ill
B.The patient need not be given food and water after all s/he is dying
C.The nurses and the attending physician should not do any heroic or extraordinary measures for the patient
D.The patient need not be given ordinary care so that her/his dying process is hastened
Answer: (C) The nurses and the attending physician should not do any heroic or extraordinary measures for the patient
Do not resuscitate” is a medical order which is written on the chart after the doctor has consulted the family and this means that the members of the health team are not required to give extraordinary measures but cannot withhold the basic needs like food, water, and air. It also means that the nurse is still duty bound to give the basic nursing care to the terminally ill patient and ensure that the spiritual needs of the patient is taken cared of.
109. Which of the following statements is TRUE of abortion in the Philippines
A.Induced abortion is allowed in cases of rape and incest
B.Induced abortion is both a criminal act and an unethical act for the nurse
C.Abortion maybe considered acceptable if the mother is unprepared for the pregnancy
D.A nurse who performs induced abortion will have no legal accountability if the mother requested that the abortion done on her.
Answer: (B) Induced abortion is both a criminal act and an unethical act for the nurse
Induced abortion is considered a criminal act which is punishable by imprisonment which maybe up to a maximum of 12 years if the nurse gets paid for it. Also, the PRC Code of Ethics states that the nurse must respect life and must not do any action that will destroy life. Abortion is an act that destroys life albeit at the beginning of life.
A.Induced abortion is allowed in cases of rape and incest
B.Induced abortion is both a criminal act and an unethical act for the nurse
C.Abortion maybe considered acceptable if the mother is unprepared for the pregnancy
D.A nurse who performs induced abortion will have no legal accountability if the mother requested that the abortion done on her.
Answer: (B) Induced abortion is both a criminal act and an unethical act for the nurse
Induced abortion is considered a criminal act which is punishable by imprisonment which maybe up to a maximum of 12 years if the nurse gets paid for it. Also, the PRC Code of Ethics states that the nurse must respect life and must not do any action that will destroy life. Abortion is an act that destroys life albeit at the beginning of life.
110. Which of the following is NOT true about a hypothesis? Hypothesis is:
A.testable
B.proven
C.stated in a form that it can be accepted or rejected
D.states a relationship between variables
Answer: (B) proven
Hypothesis is not proven; it is either accepted or rejected. Hypothesis is testable and is defined as a statement that predicts the relationship between variables
A.testable
B.proven
C.stated in a form that it can be accepted or rejected
D.states a relationship between variables
Answer: (B) proven
Hypothesis is not proven; it is either accepted or rejected. Hypothesis is testable and is defined as a statement that predicts the relationship between variables
111. Which of the following measures will best prevent manipulation of vulnerable groups?
A.Secure informed consent
B.Payment of stipends for subjects
C.Protect privacy of patient
D.Ensure confidentiality of data
Answer: (A) Secure informed consent
Securing informed consent will free the researcher from being accused of manipulating the subjects because by so doing he/she gives ample opportunity for the subjects to weigh the advantages/disadvantages of being included in the study prior to giving his consent. This is done without any element of force, coercion, threat or even inducement.
A.Secure informed consent
B.Payment of stipends for subjects
C.Protect privacy of patient
D.Ensure confidentiality of data
Answer: (A) Secure informed consent
Securing informed consent will free the researcher from being accused of manipulating the subjects because by so doing he/she gives ample opportunity for the subjects to weigh the advantages/disadvantages of being included in the study prior to giving his consent. This is done without any element of force, coercion, threat or even inducement.
112. Which of the following procedures ensures that Ms. Montana has fully described to prospective subjects the nature of the study and the subject’s rights?
A.Debriefing
B.Full disclosure
C.Informed consent
D.Covert data collection
Answer: (B) Full disclosure
Full disclosure is giving the subjects of the research information that they deserve to know prior to the conduct of the study
A.Debriefing
B.Full disclosure
C.Informed consent
D.Covert data collection
Answer: (B) Full disclosure
Full disclosure is giving the subjects of the research information that they deserve to know prior to the conduct of the study
113. This technique refers to the use of multiple referents to draw conclusions about what constitutes the truth
A.Triangulation
B.Experiment
C.Meta-analysis
D.Delphi technique
Answer: (A) Triangulation
Triangulation makes use of different sources of information such as triangulation in design, researcher and instrument.
A.Triangulation
B.Experiment
C.Meta-analysis
D.
Answer: (A) Triangulation
Triangulation makes use of different sources of information such as triangulation in design, researcher and instrument.
114. The statement, “Ninety percent (90%) of the respondents are female staff nurses validates previous research findings (Santos
A.implication
B.interpretation
C.analysis
D.conclusion
Answer: (B) interpretation
Interpretation includes the inferences of the researcher about the findings of the study.
A.implication
B.interpretation
C.analysis
D.conclusion
Answer: (B) interpretation
Interpretation includes the inferences of the researcher about the findings of the study.
115. The study is said to be completed when Ms. Montana
A.Published the results in a nursing journal.
B.Presented the study in a research forum.
C.The results of the study is used by the nurses in the hospital
D.Submitted the research report to the CEO.
Answer: (C) The results of the study is used by the nurses in the hospital
The last step in the research process is the utilization of the research findings.
A.Published the results in a nursing journal.
B.Presented the study in a research forum.
C.The results of the study is used by the nurses in the hospital
D.Submitted the research report to the CEO.
Answer: (C) The results of the study is used by the nurses in the hospital
The last step in the research process is the utilization of the research findings.
116. Situation : Stephanie is a nurse researcher of the Patient Care Services Division. She plans to conduct a literature search for her study.
Which of the following is the first step in selecting appropriate materials for her review?
A.Track down most of the relevant resources
B.Copy relevant materials
C.Organize materials according to function
D.Synthesize literature gathered.
Answer: (A) Track down most of the relevant resources
The first step in the review of related literature is to track down relevant sources before copying these. The last step is to synthesize the literature gathered.
Which of the following is the first step in selecting appropriate materials for her review?
A.Track down most of the relevant resources
B.Copy relevant materials
C.Organize materials according to function
D.Synthesize literature gathered.
Answer: (A) Track down most of the relevant resources
The first step in the review of related literature is to track down relevant sources before copying these. The last step is to synthesize the literature gathered.
117. She knows that the most important categories of information in literature review is the:
A.research findings
B.theoretical framework
C.methodology
D.opinions
Answer: (A) research findings
The research findings is the most important category of information that the researcher should copy because this will give her valuable information as to what has been discovered in past studies about the same topic.
A.research findings
B.theoretical framework
C.methodology
D.opinions
Answer: (A) research findings
The research findings is the most important category of information that the researcher should copy because this will give her valuable information as to what has been discovered in past studies about the same topic.
118. She also considers accessing electronic data bases for her literature review. Which of the following is the most useful electronic database for nurses?
A.CINAHL
B.MEDLINE
C.HealthSTAR
D.EMBASE
Answer: (A) CINAHL
This refers to Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature which is a rich source for literature review for nurses. The rest of the sites are for medicine, pharmacy and other health-related sites.
A.CINAHL
B.MEDLINE
C.HealthSTAR
D.EMBASE
Answer: (A) CINAHL
This refers to Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature which is a rich source for literature review for nurses. The rest of the sites are for medicine, pharmacy and other health-related sites.
119. While reviewing journal articles, Stephanie got interested in reading the brief summary of the article placed at the beginning of the journal report. Which of the following refers to this?
A.Introduction
B.Preface
C.Abstract
D.Background
Answer: (C) Abstract
Abstract contains concise description of the background of the study, research questions, research objectives, methods, findings, implications to nursing practice as well as keywords used in the study.
A.Introduction
B.Preface
C.Abstract
D.Background
Answer: (C) Abstract
Abstract contains concise description of the background of the study, research questions, research objectives, methods, findings, implications to nursing practice as well as keywords used in the study.
120. She notes down ideas that were derived from the description of an investigation written by the person who conducted it. Which type of reference source refers to this?
A.Footnote
B.Bibliography
C.Primary source
D.Endnotes
Answer: (C) Primary source
. This refers to a primary source which is a direct account of the investigation done by the investigator. In contrast to this is a secondary source, which is written by someone other than the original researcher.
A.Footnote
B.Bibliography
C.Primary source
D.Endnotes
Answer: (C) Primary source
. This refers to a primary source which is a direct account of the investigation done by the investigator. In contrast to this is a secondary source, which is written by someone other than the original researcher.
121. She came across a study which is referred to as meta-analysis. Which of the following statements best defines this type of study?
A.Treats the findings from one study as a single piece of data
B.Findings from multiple studies are combined to yield a data set which is analyzed as individual data
C.Represents an application of statistical procedures to findings from each report
D.Technique for quantitatively combining and thus integrating the results of multiple studies on a given topic.
Answer: (D) Technique for quantitatively combining and thus integrating the results of multiple studies on a given topic.
Though all the options are correct, the best definition is option D because it combines quantitatively the results and at the same time it integrates the results of the different studies as one finding.
A.Treats the findings from one study as a single piece of data
B.Findings from multiple studies are combined to yield a data set which is analyzed as individual data
C.Represents an application of statistical procedures to findings from each report
D.Technique for quantitatively combining and thus integrating the results of multiple studies on a given topic.
Answer: (D) Technique for quantitatively combining and thus integrating the results of multiple studies on a given topic.
Though all the options are correct, the best definition is option D because it combines quantitatively the results and at the same time it integrates the results of the different studies as one finding.
122. This kind of research gathers data in detail about an individual or groups and presented in narrative form, which is
A.Case study
B.Historical
C.Analytical
D.Experimental
Answer: (A) Case study
Case study focuses on in-depth investigations of single entity or small number of entities. It attempts to analyze and understand issues of importance to history, development or circumstances of the person or entity under study.
A.Case study
B.Historical
C.Analytical
D.Experimental
Answer: (A) Case study
Case study focuses on in-depth investigations of single entity or small number of entities. It attempts to analyze and understand issues of importance to history, development or circumstances of the person or entity under study.
123. Stephanie is finished with the steps in the conceptual phase when she has conducted the LAST step, which is
A.formulating and delimiting the problem.
B.review of related literature
C.develop a theoretical framework
D.formulate a hypothesis
Answer: (D) formulate a hypothesis
The last step in the conceptualizing phase of the research process is formulating a hypothesis. The rest are the first three steps in this phase.
A.formulating and delimiting the problem.
B.review of related literature
C.develop a theoretical framework
D.formulate a hypothesis
Answer: (D) formulate a hypothesis
The last step in the conceptualizing phase of the research process is formulating a hypothesis. The rest are the first three steps in this phase.
124. She states the hypothesis of the study. Which of the following is a null hypothesis?
A.Infants who are breastfed have the same weight as those who are bottle fed.
B.Bottle-fed infants have lower weight than breast-fed infants
C.Cuddled infants sleep longer than those who are left by themselves to sleep.
D.Children of absentee parents are more prone to experience depression than those who live with both parents.
Answer: (A) Infants who are breastfed have the same weight as those who are bottle fed.
Null hypothesis predicts that there is no change, no difference or no relationship between the variables in the study
A.Infants who are breastfed have the same weight as those who are bottle fed.
B.Bottle-fed infants have lower weight than breast-fed infants
C.Cuddled infants sleep longer than those who are left by themselves to sleep.
D.Children of absentee parents are more prone to experience depression than those who live with both parents.
Answer: (A) Infants who are breastfed have the same weight as those who are bottle fed.
Null hypothesis predicts that there is no change, no difference or no relationship between the variables in the study
125. She notes that the dependent variable in the hypothesis “Duration of sleep of cuddled infants is longer than those infants who are not cuddled by mothers” is
A.Cuddled infants
B.Duration of sleep
C.Infants
D.Absence of cuddling
Answer: (B) Duration of sleep
Duration of sleep is the ‘effect’ (dependent variable) of cuddling ‘cause’ (independent variable).
A.Cuddled infants
B.Duration of sleep
C.Infants
D.Absence of cuddling
Answer: (B) Duration of sleep
Duration of sleep is the ‘effect’ (dependent variable) of cuddling ‘cause’ (independent variable).
126. Situation: Aretha is a nurse researcher in a tertiary hospital. She is tasked to conduct a research on the effects of structured discharge plan for post-open heart surgery patients.
She states the significance of the research problem. Which of the following statements is the MOST significant for this study?
A.Improvement in patient care
B.Development of a theoretical basis for nursing
C.Increase the accountability of nurses.
D.Improves the image of nursing
Answer: (A) Improvement in patient care
The ultimate goal of conducting research is to improve patient care which is achieved by enhancing the practice of nurses when they utilize research results in their practice.
She states the significance of the research problem. Which of the following statements is the MOST significant for this study?
A.Improvement in patient care
B.Development of a theoretical basis for nursing
C.Increase the accountability of nurses.
D.Improves the image of nursing
Answer: (A) Improvement in patient care
The ultimate goal of conducting research is to improve patient care which is achieved by enhancing the practice of nurses when they utilize research results in their practice.
127. Regardless of the significance of the study, the feasibility of the study needs to be considered. Which of the following is considered a priority?
A.Availability of research subjects
B.Budgetary allocation
C.Time frame
D.Experience of the researcher
Answer: (A) Availability of research subjects
Availability is the most important criteria to be considered by the researcher in determining whether the study is feasible or not. No matter how significant the study may be if there are no available subjects/respondents, the study can not push through.
128. Aretha knows that a good research problem exhibits the following characteristics; which one is NOT included?
A.Clearly identified the variables/phenomenon under consideration.
B.Specifies the population being studied.
C.Implies the feasibility of empirical testing
D.Indicates the hypothesis to be tested.
Answer: (D) Indicates the hypothesis to be tested.
Not all studies require a hypothesis such as qualitative studies, which does not deal with variables but with phenomenon or concepts.
A.Clearly identified the variables/phenomenon under consideration.
B.Specifies the population being studied.
C.Implies the feasibility of empirical testing
D.Indicates the hypothesis to be tested.
Answer: (D) Indicates the hypothesis to be tested.
Not all studies require a hypothesis such as qualitative studies, which does not deal with variables but with phenomenon or concepts.
129. She states the purposes of the study. Which of the following describe the purpose of a study?
1. Establishes the general direction of a study
2. Captures the essence of the study
3. Formally articulates the goals of the study
4. Sometimes worded as an intent
A.1, 2, 3
B.2, 3, 4
C.1, 3, 4
D.1, 2, 3, 4
Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3, 4
The purposes of a research study covers all the options indicated.
1. Establishes the general direction of a study
2. Captures the essence of the study
3. Formally articulates the goals of the study
4. Sometimes worded as an intent
A.1, 2, 3
B.2, 3, 4
C.1, 3, 4
D.1, 2, 3, 4
Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3, 4
The purposes of a research study covers all the options indicated.
130. She opts to use interviews in data collection. In addition to validity, what is the other MOST serious weakness of this method?
A.Accuracy
B.Sensitivity
C.Objectivity
D.Reliability
Answer: (A) Accuracy
Accuracy and validity are the most serious weaknesses of the self-report data. This is due to the fact that the respondents sometimes do not want to tell the truth for fear of being rejected or in order to please the interviewer.
A.Accuracy
B.Sensitivity
C.Objectivity
D.Reliability
Answer: (A) Accuracy
Accuracy and validity are the most serious weaknesses of the self-report data. This is due to the fact that the respondents sometimes do not want to tell the truth for fear of being rejected or in order to please the interviewer.
131. She plans to subject her instrument to pretesting. Which of the following is NOT achieved in doing pretesting?
A.Determines how much time it takes to administer the instrument package
B.Identify parts that are difficult to read or understand
C.Determine the budgetary allocation for the study
D.Determine if the measures yield data with sufficient variability
Answer: (C) Determine the budgetary allocation for the study
Determining budgetary allocation for the study is not a purpose of doing a pretesting of the instruments. This is done at an earlier stage of the design and planning phase.
132. She tests the instrument whether it looks as though it is measuring appropriate constructs. Which of the following refers to this?
A.Face validity
B.Content validity
C.Construct Validity
D.Criterion-related validity
Answer: (A) Face validity
Face validity measures whether the instrument appears to be measuring the appropriate construct. It is the easiest type of validity testing.
A.Face validity
B.Content validity
C.Construct Validity
D.Criterion-related validity
Answer: (A) Face validity
Face validity measures whether the instrument appears to be measuring the appropriate construct. It is the easiest type of validity testing.
133. Which of the following questions would determine the construct validity of the instrument?
A.“What is this instrument really measuring?”
B.“How representative are the questions on this test of the universe of questions on this topic?”
C.“Does the question asked looks as though it is measuring the appropriate construct?”
D.“Does the instrument correlate highly with an external criterion?
Answer: (A) “What is this instrument really measuring?”
Construct validity aims to validate what the instrument is really measuring. The more abstract the concept, the more difficult to measure the construct.
A.“What is this instrument really measuring?”
B.“How representative are the questions on this test of the universe of questions on this topic?”
C.“Does the question asked looks as though it is measuring the appropriate construct?”
D.“Does the instrument correlate highly with an external criterion?
Answer: (A) “What is this instrument really measuring?”
Construct validity aims to validate what the instrument is really measuring. The more abstract the concept, the more difficult to measure the construct.
134. Which of the following experimental research designs would be appropriate for this study if she wants to find out a cause and effect relationship between the structured discharge plan and compliance to home care regimen among the subjects?
A.True experiment
B.Quasi experiment
C.Post-test only design
D.Solomon four-group
Answer: (C) Post-test only design
Post- Test only design is appropriate because it is impossible to measure the compliance to home care regimen variable prior to the discharge of the patient from the hospital.
A.True experiment
B.Quasi experiment
C.Post-test only design
D.Solomon four-group
Answer: (C) Post-test only design
Post- Test only design is appropriate because it is impossible to measure the compliance to home care regimen variable prior to the discharge of the patient from the hospital.
135. One hypothesis that she formulated is “Compliance to home care regimen is greater among patients who received the structured discharge plan than those who received verbal discharge instructions.’ Which is the independent variable in this study?
A.Structured discharge plan
B.Compliance to home care regimen
C.Post-open heart surgery patients
D.Greater compliance
Answer: (A) Structured discharge plan
Structured discharge plan is the intervention or the ‘cause’ in the study that results to an ‘effect’, which is compliance to home care regimen or the dependent variable.
A.Structured discharge plan
B.Compliance to home care regimen
C.Post-open heart surgery patients
D.Greater compliance
Answer: (A) Structured discharge plan
Structured discharge plan is the intervention or the ‘cause’ in the study that results to an ‘effect’, which is compliance to home care regimen or the dependent variable.
136. Situation : Alyssa plans to conduct a study about nursing practice in the country. She decides to refresh her knowledge about the different types of research in order to choose the most appropriate design for her study.
She came across surveys, like the Social Weather Station and Pulse Asia Survey. Which of the following is the purpose of this kind of research?
A.Obtains information regarding the prevalence, distribution and interrelationships of variables within a population at a particular time
B.Get an accurate and complete data about a phenomenon.
C.Develop a tool for data gathering.
D.Formulate a framework for the study
Answer: (A) Obtains information regarding the prevalence, distribution and interrelationships of variables within a population at a particular time
Surveys are done to gather information on people’s actions, knowledge, intentions, opinions and attitudes.
She came across surveys, like the Social Weather Station and Pulse Asia Survey. Which of the following is the purpose of this kind of research?
A.Obtains information regarding the prevalence, distribution and interrelationships of variables within a population at a particular time
B.Get an accurate and complete data about a phenomenon.
C.Develop a tool for data gathering.
D.Formulate a framework for the study
Answer: (A) Obtains information regarding the prevalence, distribution and interrelationships of variables within a population at a particular time
Surveys are done to gather information on people’s actions, knowledge, intentions, opinions and attitudes.
137. She will likely use self-report method. Which of the following self-report methods is the most respected method used in surveys?
A.Personal interviews
B.Questionnaires
C.Telephone interviews
D.Rating Scale
Answer: (A) Personal interviews
Personal interviews is the best method of collecting survey data because the quality of information they yield is higher than other methods and because relatively few people refuse to be interviewed in person.
A.Personal interviews
B.Questionnaires
C.Telephone interviews
D.Rating Scale
Answer: (A) Personal interviews
Personal interviews is the best method of collecting survey data because the quality of information they yield is higher than other methods and because relatively few people refuse to be interviewed in person.
138. Alyssa reads about exploratory research. Which of the following is the purpose of doing this type of research?
A.Inductively develops a theory based on observations about processes involving selected people
B.Makes new knowledge useful and practical.
C.Identifies the variables in the study
D.Finds out the cause and effect relationship between variables
Answer: (C) Identifies the variables in the study
Exploratory research is the first level of investigation and it deals with identifying the variables in the study.
A.Inductively develops a theory based on observations about processes involving selected people
B.Makes new knowledge useful and practical.
C.Identifies the variables in the study
D.Finds out the cause and effect relationship between variables
Answer: (C) Identifies the variables in the study
Exploratory research is the first level of investigation and it deals with identifying the variables in the study.
139. She reviews qualitative design of research. Which of the following is true about ethnographic study?
A.Develops theories that increase the knowledge about a certain phenomenon.
B.Focuses on the meanings of life experiences of people
C.Deals with patterns and experiences of a defined cultural group in a holistic fashion
D.In-depth investigation of a single entity
Answer: (C) Deals with patterns and experiences of a defined cultural group in a holistic fashion
Ethnographic research deals with the cultural patterns and beliefs of certain culture groups.
A.Develops theories that increase the knowledge about a certain phenomenon.
B.Focuses on the meanings of life experiences of people
C.Deals with patterns and experiences of a defined cultural group in a holistic fashion
D.In-depth investigation of a single entity
Answer: (C) Deals with patterns and experiences of a defined cultural group in a holistic fashion
Ethnographic research deals with the cultural patterns and beliefs of certain culture groups.
140. She knows that the purpose of doing ethnographic study is to:
A.Understand the worldview of a cultural group
B.Study the life experiences of people
C.Determine the relationship between variables
D.Investigate intensively a single entity
Answer: (A) Understand the worldview of a cultural group
The aim of ethnographers is to learn from the members of a cultural group by understanding their way of life as they perceive and live it.
141. Alyssa wants to learn more about experimental design. Which is the purpose of this research?
A.Test the cause and effect relationship among the variable under a controlled situation
B.Identify the variables in the study
C.Predicts the future based on current intervention
D.Describe the characteristics, opinions, attitudes or behaviors of certain population about a current issue or event
Answer: (A) Test the cause and effect relationship among the variable under a controlled situation
Experimental research is a Level III investigation which determines the cause and effect relationship between variables.
A.Test the cause and effect relationship among the variable under a controlled situation
B.Identify the variables in the study
C.Predicts the future based on current intervention
D.Describe the characteristics, opinions, attitudes or behaviors of certain population about a current issue or event
Answer: (A) Test the cause and effect relationship among the variable under a controlled situation
Experimental research is a Level III investigation which determines the cause and effect relationship between variables.
142. She knows that there are three elements of experimental research. Which is NOT included?
A.Manipulation
B.Randomization
C.Control
D.Trial
Answer: (D) Trial
Trial is not an element of experimental research. Manipulation of variables, randomization and control are the three elements of this type of research
A.Manipulation
B.Randomization
C.Control
D.Trial
Answer: (D) Trial
Trial is not an element of experimental research. Manipulation of variables, randomization and control are the three elements of this type of research
143. Alyssa knows that there are times when only manipulation of study variables is possible and the elements of control or randomization are not attendant. Which type of research is referred to this?
A.Field study
B.Quasi-experiment
C.Solomon-Four group design
D.Post-test only design
Answer: (B) Quasi-experiment
Quasi-experiment is done when randomization and control of the variables are not possible.
A.Field study
B.Quasi-experiment
C.Solomon-Four group design
D.Post-test only design
Answer: (B) Quasi-experiment
Quasi-experiment is done when randomization and control of the variables are not possible.
144. One of the related studies that she reads is a phenomenological research. Which of the following questions is answered by this type of qualitative research?
A.” What is the way of life of this cultural group?”
B.“What is the effect of the intervention to the dependent variable?”
C.“What the essence of the phenomenon is as experienced by these people?”
D.“What is the core category that is central in explaining what is going on in that social scene?”
Answer: (C) “What the essence of the phenomenon is as experienced by these people?”
Phenomenological research deals with the meaning of experiences as those who experienced the phenomenon understand it.
A.” What is the way of life of this cultural group?”
B.“What is the effect of the intervention to the dependent variable?”
C.“What the essence of the phenomenon is as experienced by these people?”
D.“What is the core category that is central in explaining what is going on in that social scene?”
Answer: (C) “What the essence of the phenomenon is as experienced by these people?”
Phenomenological research deals with the meaning of experiences as those who experienced the phenomenon understand it.
145. Other studies are categorized according to the time frame. Which of the following refers to a study of variables in the present which is linked to a variable that occurred in the past?
A.Prospective design
B.Retrospective design
C.Cross sectional study
D.Longitudinal study
Answer: (B) Retrospective design
Retrospective studies are done in order to establish a correlation between present variables and the antecedent factors that have caused it.
A.Prospective design
B.Retrospective design
C.Cross sectional study
D.Longitudinal study
Answer: (B) Retrospective design
Retrospective studies are done in order to establish a correlation between present variables and the antecedent factors that have caused it.
146. Situation : Harry a new research staff of the Research and Development Department of a tertiary hospital is tasked to conduct a research study about the increased incidence of nosocomial infection in the hospital.
Which of the following ethical issues should he consider in the conduct of his study?
1. Confidentiality of information given to him by the subjects
2. Self-determination which includes the right to withdraw from the study group
3. Privacy or the right not to be exposed publicly
4. Full disclosure about the study to be conducted
A.1, 2, 3
B.1, 3, 4
C.2, 3, 4
D.1, 2, 3, 4
Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3, 4
This includes all the options as these are the four basic rights of subjects for research.
Which of the following ethical issues should he consider in the conduct of his study?
1. Confidentiality of information given to him by the subjects
2. Self-determination which includes the right to withdraw from the study group
3. Privacy or the right not to be exposed publicly
4. Full disclosure about the study to be conducted
A.1, 2, 3
B.1, 3, 4
C.2, 3, 4
D.1, 2, 3, 4
Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3, 4
This includes all the options as these are the four basic rights of subjects for research.
147. Which of the following is the best tool for data gathering?
A.Interview schedule
B.Questionnaire
C.Use of laboratory data.
D.Observation
Answer: (C) Use of laboratory data.
Incidence of nosocomial infection is best collected through the use of biophysiologic measures, particularly in vitro measurements, hence laboratory data is essential.
A.Interview schedule
B.Questionnaire
C.Use of laboratory data.
D.Observation
Answer: (C) Use of laboratory data.
Incidence of nosocomial infection is best collected through the use of biophysiologic measures, particularly in vitro measurements, hence laboratory data is essential.
148. During data collection, Harry encounters a patient who refuses to talk to him. Which of the following is a limitation of the study?
A.Patient’s refusal to fully divulge information.
B.Patients with history of fever and cough
C.Patients admitted or who seeks consultation at the ER and doctors offices
D.Contacts of patients with history of fever and cough
Answer: (A) Patient’s refusal to fully divulge information.
Patient’s refusal to divulge information is a limitation because it is beyond the control of Harry.
A.Patient’s refusal to fully divulge information.
B.Patients with history of fever and cough
C.Patients admitted or who seeks consultation at the ER and doctors offices
D.Contacts of patients with history of fever and cough
Answer: (A) Patient’s refusal to fully divulge information.
Patient’s refusal to divulge information is a limitation because it is beyond the control of Harry.
149. What type of research is appropriate for this study?
A.Descriptive- correlational
B.Experiment
C.Quasi-experiment
D.Historical
Answer: (A) Descriptive- correlational
Descriptive- correlational study is the most appropriate for this study because it studies the variables that could be the antecedents of the increased incidence of nosocomial infection.
A.Descriptive- correlational
B.Experiment
C.Quasi-experiment
D.Historical
Answer: (A) Descriptive- correlational
Descriptive- correlational study is the most appropriate for this study because it studies the variables that could be the antecedents of the increased incidence of nosocomial infection.
150. In the statement, “Frequent hand washing of health workers decreases the incidence of nosocomial infections among post-surgery patients”, the dependent variable is
A.incidence of nosocomial infections
B.decreases
C.frequent hand washing
D.post-surgery patients
Answer: (A) incidence of nosocomial infections
The dependent variable is the incidence of nosocomial infection, which is the outcome or effect of the independent variable, frequent hand washing.
A.incidence of nosocomial infections
B.decreases
C.frequent hand washing
D.post-surgery patients
Answer: (A) incidence of nosocomial infections
The dependent variable is the incidence of nosocomial infection, which is the outcome or effect of the independent variable, frequent hand washing.
151. Harry knows that he has to protect the rights of human research subjects. Which of the following actions of Harry ensures anonymity?
A.Keep the identities of the subject secret
B.Obtain informed consent
C.Provide equal treatment to all the subjects of the study.
D.Release findings only to the participants of the study
Answer: (A) Keep the identities of the subject secret
Keeping the identities of the research subject secret will ensure anonymity because this will hinder providing link between the information given to whoever is its source.
152. He is oriented to the use of electronic databases for nursing research. Which of the following will she likely access?
A.MEDLINE
B.National
C.American Journal of Nursing
D.International Council of Nurses
Answer: (B) National Institute of Nursing Research
National Institute for Nursing Research is a useful source of information for nursing research. The rest of the options may be helpful but NINR is the most useful site for nurses.
153. He develops methods for data gathering. Which of the following criteria of a good instrument refers to the ability of the instrument to yield the same results upon its repeated administration?
A.Validity
B.Specificity
C.Sensitivity
D.Reliability
Answer: (D) Reliability
Reliability is consistency of the research instrument. It refers to the repeatability of the instrument in extracting the same responses upon its repeated administration.
A.Validity
B.Specificity
C.Sensitivity
D.Reliability
Answer: (D) Reliability
Reliability is consistency of the research instrument. It refers to the repeatability of the instrument in extracting the same responses upon its repeated administration.
154. Harry is aware of the importance of controlling threats to internal validity for experimental research, which include the following examples EXCEPT:
A.History
B.Maturation
C.Attrition
D.Design
Answer: (D) Design
Design is not a threat to internal validity of the instrument just like the other options.
A.History
B.Maturation
C.Attrition
D.Design
Answer: (D) Design
Design is not a threat to internal validity of the instrument just like the other options.
155. His colleague asks about the external validity of the research findings. Which of the responses of Harry is appropriate? The research findings can be
A.generalized to other settings or samples
B.shown to result only from the effect of the independent variable
C.reflected as results of extraneous variables
D.free of selection biases
Answer: (A) generalized to other settings or samples
External validity refers to the generalizability of research findings to other settings or samples. This is an issue of importance to evidence-based nursing practice.
A.generalized to other settings or samples
B.shown to result only from the effect of the independent variable
C.reflected as results of extraneous variables
D.free of selection biases
Answer: (A) generalized to other settings or samples
External validity refers to the generalizability of research findings to other settings or samples. This is an issue of importance to evidence-based nursing practice.
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